Inflammation of the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth, known as periodontal disease, is a common and serious condition that many dental patients face. However, plaque and gum disease can be easily avoided with proper care.
Plaque is directly linked to the development of inflammation and diseases of the teeth and gums. Poor dental hygiene results in a buildup of plaque on the teeth, which can lead to serious consequences such as periodontal disease if left untreated.
Plaque, a sticky film that forms on the teeth, occurs when saliva mixes with sugars and starches that are in foods and drinks. This results in bacteria that sticks onto the surface of the teeth and gums. The bacteria from plaque produces an acid that can destroy enamel and leave teeth vulnerable to cavities. Plaque forms quickly, which is why it is important to brush and floss teeth regularly.
When the teeth are not cleaned thoroughly, plaque is not removed and may harden below and above the gumline; this is called tartar. Tartar, also known as calculus, makes typical brushing and flossing difficult. Because this buildup hardens on the teeth and gumline, it must be removed by a dentist.
If plaque and tartar remain on the teeth for a prolonged period of time, it can lead to gingivitis. This minor form of gum disease results in redness, soreness, swelling, irritation and bleeding of the gums. If taken care of early, gingivitis can be reversed.
Periodontal disease, also referred to as periodontitis, is the most severe form of gum disease. This condition occurs when gingivitis is left untreated and can have devastating consequences. With periodontitis, the infection from the bacteria causes the gums to recede and pull away from the teeth. If the disease is further ignored, the bones in the jaw supporting the teeth can be destroyed and lead to tooth loss.
Proper oral hygiene is the easiest way to prevent plaque, tartar and gum diseases. Brushing the teeth with fluoridated toothpaste at least twice a day can help remove plaque and inhibit the formation of tartar. In addition to regular brushing, dental patients should also floss once a day and use mouth rinses to further reduce buildup. It is important to maintain a healthy diet, as bacteria in the mouth thrive on sugars and simple carbohydrates. Patients should avoid smoking because that can increase plaque and tartar as well. Preventative care and frequent dental check-ups are vital, particularly since early gum disease is easily overlooked.
Poor oral health is linked to the development of plaque. This plaque, if left untreated, can result in periodontal disease. When patients practice good hygiene, have a healthy diet and visit the dentist regularly, they greatly reduce the risk of developing gum disease.
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